I use a Windows 10 machine and need to connect to Linux servers. After using several ssh clients for connecting to the server, I finally settled for Cygwin and Wsltty, which is open-sourced and use the well-known mintty terminal.
But one feature I miss from the SSH tools such as MobaXterm or Xshell is that these tools can save the server IP, port, user name and even password, so that you can log into the server with just a click.
With mintty terminal, I have to manually ssh to my server each time, which is tedious and time consuming. Fortunately, I have found the Expect scripting language which is pretty powerful for this task.
Install#
If you are using Cygwin, you can install Expect package via its setup program. If you are using Ubuntu on Windows, you can install expect with apt-get:
sudo apt-get install -y expect
Usage#
Simple case#
Expect can execute command, receive input and send output automatically for you. Suppose you want to connect to a server, you can use the following script:
#!/usr/bin/expect
set timeout 10
spawn ssh -p 22 USER@SERVER_IP
expect "Password: "
send "PASSWORD\r"
You should change USER, SERVER_IP and PASSWORD properly. In the above
script, we first use spawn to execute the ssh command for us. Then we use
expect to capture the output of the terminal to see if it matches the
predefined string. Finally, we use send command to send the right password
and a newline character: it is just like you have typed your password and press
Enter manually in terminal.
You can save this script as auto_login.exp and execute it with
expect auto_login.exp
Accept command line parameters#
In the above script, the user name and password is fixed in the script. If you have multiple user account in the server, it would be better that you can input the user name and password dynamically from the command line. You can use the following script for that:
#!/usr/bin/expect
set timeout 10
set user [lindex $argv 0]
set password [lindex $argv 1]
spawn ssh -p 22 $user@SERVER_IP
expect "Password: "
send "$password\r"
In the above script, lindex
command is used to get the parameters supplied in the command line. To use a
variable, add a $ before it to access its value. In the command line, you can
invoke the script like this:
expect auto_login.exp user_name some_password